Electrohydraulic power appliance.



M. 0. WHITE 6; 0. 0. DURYEA. ELEGTROHYDRAULIO POWER APPLIANCE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1909.

1,088,002, Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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Mi E 3 I m [MM 1h) H .mim 43 A v five/157715" KMI'I'GJ? 0 %0 Giza/ eanM. 0. WHITE & O. G. DURYEA. ELECTROHYDRAULIC POWER APPLIANCE.APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1909.

Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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M. 0. WHITE &' 0. O. DURYEA. ELEOTROHYDRAULIC POWER APPLIANCE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1909.

Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

M. 0. WHITE & O. G. DURYEA.

AULIG POWER APPLIANCE.

, 909. 1,088,002. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

M. 0. WHITE & 0. G. DURYEA. ELEOTROHYDRAULIG POWER APPLIANCE.APPLICATION FILED MAY 29, 1909.'

1,088,002. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

. the motor-controlling, means illustrated in Y ED STATES MORRIS C.WHITE AND OTHO C. D'URYEA, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

ELEGTROHYDRAULIC POWER APPLIANCE.

1,o ss,002.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 24., 1914.

Application filed May 29, 1909 Ser'l'al No. 498,15.

To all wlz 0m it may concern Be it known that we, MORRIS C. WHITE andOTHO C. DURYEA, citizens of the United States, residing at Los Angeles,in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Electrohydraulic Power Appliances, ofwhich the following is a specification.

()ur object is to provide an improved toolactuating hydraulic or, andmore particularly, electro-hydraulic power appliance, of a type whereina tool, or work-performing member, is intended to accomplish, moreespecially, a complete operation, such, for example, as the setting of arivet, under great pressure, in a single progressive movement.

In carrying out our invention, we provide the appliance in the form,preferably, of a self-contained device having a frame, a hydrauliccylinder equipped with a tool-actuating piston, an electric motor. aliquid res ervoir, a pump actuated by the motor for forcing liquid fromthe reservoir into the cylinder, means for regulating the pressure ofthe liquid against the piston, thereby to regulate the pressure of thetool, or workperforming member, in each instance, means for causing thepump to stop on the completion of each work-performing operation of thetool, and other features of construction which render the apparatusquickly responsive and under perfect control of the opera ator.

Our invention is applicable to shearing, pressing, briqueting,die-operating, and other machines wherein work-performing pressure maybe generated and applied to a tool, or work performing member, in thesame general way; and in the accompanying drawings we show ourimprovements embodied in a portable electro-hydraulic riveter.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a partly broken side elevation ofthe apparatus in one preferred form; Fig. 2, an enlarged brokensectional view of one end-portion of the hydraulic cylinder'and adjacentparts; Fig. 3, a similar view showing the pump and a pump-feedingimpeller, the section being taken on line 3 in Fig. 4; Fig. at, asect-ion on line 4 in Fig. 3; Fig. 5, an enlarged section on line 5 inFig. 1, correspondingwith line 5 in- Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a fragmentarysection on line 6 in Fig. 2; Fig. 7, a sectional diagram of amotor-switch and an electric-circuit for .motor-actuating electriccurrent.

Integral with the yoke-frame 9 is the outer shell-portion of a cylinder10 fitted with a liner 11 integral with the cylinder-head 12. Mountedupon the yoke-frame is an electric motor 13, of which 14 is thearmature-shaft. Forming an extension of the mot0r-casing is a casing 13containing chambers 15 and 16 separated from each other by a diaphragm17, the chamber 15 being separated from the motor-casing chamber by adiaphragm 18. The motor-shaft 1 1 has a bearing 19 at the center of thediaphragm 18 and passes through an opening in the diaphragm 17 to thechamber 16, where it carries a crank 20. Cored in the casing 13*, at theouter side of the chamber 16, is a segmental passage 21 communicatingthrough a passage 22, on one side, with a chamber 23 in thecylinder-head 12 and having, in its opposite side, three ports 24equipped with check-valves 25. Said ports are equidistant apart andcommunicate with the three radial pump cylinders 26. The pump-cylinderscommunicate through ports 27 and passages 28 with the chamber 15, theports 27 being equipped with pump-induction valves 29. Working in thecylinders 26 from the chamber 16 are three radial pump-pistons 30connected by connecting rods 31 with the crank 20. The chamber 15 formsa reservoir which is supplied with an incompressible liquid, such as asuitable oil or aqueous solution of glycerin, the pump operating to drawthe liquid through the ports 27 and discharge it through the ports 24:into the passage 21 and thence through the passage 22 to the chamber 23.Mounted on the shaft 14 in the chamber 15 are radial vanes 32 operatingas an impeller to force the liquid under pressure from the chamber 15 tothe pump-cylin ders. Extending from the chamber 23 to the interior ofthe cylinder 10 is a port, or reduced cylinder-extension, 33. In thecylinder-head 12 is a return-passage 34 extending to thecylinder-chamber 23 and equipped with a check-valve 35; and alsoextending from the interior of the cylinder 10 to the chamber 15 is apassage 36 provided, in the position shown, with a check-valve 37.

38 is a piston working in the liner 11 and provided with piston-rings39. The stem 40 of the piston passes throu h the end of the cylinder andcontains a t readed socket to receive the threaded shank 41 of anadjustable tool, or work-performing member, 42, which, in the presentinstance, is a rivetupsetting die coiiperating with a similar die 43carried by the yoke-frame 9. Adapted to fit and work in thecylinder-extension 33 is a short piston-extension 44. Extending from thepassage 36 to the passage 22 is a passage 45 normally closed at thepassage 22 b a cylinder-exhaust valve 46 on a stem 47. he stem passesthrou h the casing, as shown, and is held normafiy in the position ofclosina the valve 46 by a s ring 48.

he operation of t e arts thus far described is as follows: hen the motoris started, the pump-pistons 30, which are directl connected with themotor-shaft at the cran 20 to operate at the same speed as the motor,draw the liquid through t e ports 27 and discharge it, as before stated,through the passage 22 into the chamber 23 and cylinder-extension 33.The blades 32 of the impeller mechanism force the liquid through theports 27 under pressure, whereby t e pump is causedto work at its fullcapacity when running at high speed and at whatever angle the appliancemay be. It is to be understood that, as is usual in appliances of thischaracter, of the portable type, the yokeframe issuspended in a bail 49.The pressure of the liquid .is first exerted against thepiston-extension 44 in the cylinder-extension 33. A return-sprin 50 inthe lower part of the cylinder 10 ten s to maintain the piston 38 andtool carried thereby in the raised positions indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.The tool 42 is so adjusted by the threaded stem 41 that it will engagethe rivet 51 when the piston-extension leaves the cylinder-extension 33.During the movement of the piston before the piston-extension leaves thecylinder-extension, liquid to fill the space, as it is created betweenthe piston and cylinderhead, enters through the passage 36, underpressure of the impeller blades 32, opening the check-valve 37. As soonas the istonextension clears the cylinder-extenslon 33, the force of theincoming liquid is exerted against the entire upper surface of thepiston and piston-extension to press the tool against the rivet and setthe latter. Means are provided for automatically stopping the operationof the pump, as hereinafter explained, when movement of the tool iscompleted. Raising of the stem 47 against the resistance of the spring48 opens the exhaust-valve 46, thereby permittin the liquid e returnedunder the force of the piston-returning spring 50, through the passages34, 22, 45 and 36 to the reservoir or chamber, 15.

Communicating wit the passage 22, be-

tween the pump and are 23, is'a sll cylinder 52 closed at its end by aat mitigbox 53 throu h which 'worksa small piston or movable a utment 54having a stein-portion 55. Between the piston 54 and the stem 55 is anenlarged cylmdrical part 56 movable through a guide formed in a bracket57. Mounted against the frame, in the position shown, is an exposeddiallate, or disk, 58 having a series of perforatlons, or pin-holes, 59.Extendin through the center of the diallate is a s ort shaft 61journaled in the brac ets 62 shown in Fi 5. Pinned to the shaft 61 is across-piece orming arms 63, 64 having rounded ends. The shaft 61;, atthe outer side of the dial, carries the operating handle 65. Looselsurrounding t e she 61 and extending t rou h to the outer side of thediallate is a s eeve 66 carrying a cam 67 whic is adjustably fastenedthereto by means of a set-screw 68. The sleeve is provided beyond thedial with an operatinghandle 69 carrying a spring-plunger-pin 70, ofcommon construction, adapted to enter the perforations 59. The arm 63extends beneath the stem 47, as shown in Fig. 2.

Loosely surrounding the lower endortionof the valve-stem 55 is asleeve-piece I having a bifurcated extension provided with a roller 72.Confined between the bracket 57 and the sleeve 71 is a spring 73, ofknown tension, which-operates to press the roller 72 upon the cam 67 Thespring 73 operates normally to hold the piston 54 in the positionindicated in Fig. 2.

Mounted upon the side of the cylinder 10 is a casing 74 containin abushing 75 of insulating material (see ig. 6). Fitting into one end ofthe bushing is a sleeve 76 con taining a plunger-contact 77 pressednormally against t e end-portion of the sleeve by a spring 78. Also inthe insulated bushing is a sleeve-piece 79 containing a plungercontact80 held normally out of contact with the plunger 77 by a spring 81. Theplunger 80 bears against a cylindrical block 82 of insulating materialon the end of a stem 83 having a laterally-projecting lug 84 movable ina guide-slot 85 in the casing 74. The stem 83 1s inthe path of the arm64, as shown in Fig. 2.

In Fig. 7, 86 is a switch-board of insulating material secured in anyconvenient position. 87, 88, 89 are the feed-wires from a tri-phaseelectric current-supplier. The wire 89 leads directly to the motor 13,and the wires 87 88 extend to contact terminals 90, 91 on theswitch-board. A shunt-wire 92 connects the wire 89 withthe contact 80before described; and a shunt-wire 93 extends from the wire 88 to thecontact 77, also before described. Interposed in the shuntwire 93 is asolenoid 94, havingfa core connected to a switch-lever 95 carrying thethe wires 87, 88',

pumped liquid against the piston 38 is also exerted against t e end ofthe small piston 54 in the cylinder 52. Movement of the piston 54 undersaid pressure is resisted by the spring 73 and the tension of the saidspring is regulated by the cam 67. The tensioning sitlon of the cam canbe varied, within esired limits, by means of the handle 69, by turningthe latter into register with the progressive pin-openin s 59 in thedial-plate 58. The. pin-openings %esignate the amount of resistancewhich the small piston 54, under the force of the sprin 73, willwithstand before yielding under t e liquid pressure, and the operator,knowing what pressure per square inch is to be exerted against a rivet51, of the diameter employed, to upset it, turns the handle 69- to theproper pinopening1 59.

The evice is started to set a rivet by turning the handle 65 in thedirection to the left in Fig. 1. This causes the arms 64 carried by thehandle-shaft 61 to engage the plunger-stem 83 and raise the contact 80into engagement with the contact 77. This closes the circuit from thewire 88 through the solenoid 94 and the motor-wire 89-. The solenoidcore is pivot-ally connected with the switch-lever 95, and drawing uponthe same swings it and closes the contacts 96, 90, and 97, 91. Thecurrent then passes through the wires 47, 88, 87*, 88 and the motor.When the plunger-contact 80 is raised by the arm 64 to engage thecontact 77 the latch 98 is turned by a spring 99 beneath the lug 84 atone end and against the stem 55 at its oppcT site end. Thus, when theoperatin -handle 65 is swung to its normal position s own in Fig. 1, torelease the plunger-contact, the latter is held in engagement with thecontact 77 by the latch 98. When the liquid-pressure generated by thepump exceeds the predetermined resistance of the spring 73', it forcesthe small piston 54 outward, thereby tripping the latch 98 out ofengagement with the lug 84 on the plunger-stem 83 and permitting thecontact 80 to be forced by the spring 81 out of engagement with the contact 77. through the solenoid 94 permits the switchlever to open, underthe resilience of the springs 100 of the yielding contacts 96, 97, andby gravity, to break the motor-circuit. It will be understood,therefore, that when the work-performing member has completed its work,the motor-circuit is broken causing the pump to stop, and, permitting te work This breaking of the circuit performing ihember to be returned toinitial position, on the opening of the exhaust valve 46, asbeforedescribed. In'the case o-faportf able appliance, employed in ashop, the switch-board 86 may be fastened in a remote permanentlocation, a. cable containing the to the portable device.

In the construction illustrated in'F-ig. .8, vthe automatic stopping ofthe pump, when the desired liquid pressure against the iston has beenreached, is effected indirect y, instead of directly, by the rise ofliquid-pres: sure to the predetermined limit. In this construction, thecylinder 52, small piston 54, 4 spring 73, sleeve-piece-71, roller 72,cam 67 and latch 98 are dispensed with. The dialplate 58 is equippedwith a rheostat provided with graduated contact-points 101 in lieu ofthe pin-holes 59; the handle 69 carrying a cut-out lever 102 movableinto e11- gagement with the contacts 101 and connecting with a terminal103. i The insulated switch-board 86 carries the two contacts 90 and 91,to which the feed-wires 87, 88 extend, a swinging switch-lever 95, andswitchlever-closing solenoid 94 interposed in the shunt-wire 93 leadingto the contact 77, all .as in the construction before described. 011 theswitch-lever 95 are yielding contacts 96, 97 insulated from each otherand operating as before explained. Also on the switch lever is anextension 104, and secured to the switch-board are two solenoids 105 and106, the cores of which are connected with a latch 107 pivoted at itscenter between the sole noids. The winding of the solenoid 105 isinterposed in a shunt-wire 87 extending from the wire 87 to the terminal108 of the rheostat. The winding of the solenoid 105 is relatively fineand close. The wire 88 extends to the motor. The solenoid 106-isinterposed in the feed-wire 89 Which'extends to the motor, the wire atthe solenoid 106 being but a few turns of coarse wire, adding noresistance to the line. Connected with the wire 89 is a shunt-wire 89leading to the Contact 80. A wire 87 extends from the rheostat terminal103 to the wire 89.

The operation of the construction last described is as follows: Swingingof the operating-lever 65 causes its arm 64 to move the plunger-contact80 into engagement with the contact 77, thereby closing the circuitthrough the solenoids 94, 106. The solenoid close the contacts 96, 97yieldingly against the contacts 90, 91. If the smallest amount ofpressure of the work-performing member is required for the operation, aswhen a small rivet is to be set, the handle 69 should be turnedinitially to move the lever 102 to the first contact 101, as indicated.This cuts in all the resistance of the rheostat, giving to the solenoid105 an initial predetermined wires 89, 93, 87*- and 8.8 extendingtherefrom" 94 operates thus to swing the lever 95 and strength, which,however, exceeds the strength of the solenoid 106 under the normalcurrent through the wire 89. Consequently, immediately that theswitch-lever 95-is closed by the solenoid 94, the solenoid 105 operatesto swing the latch 107 into the path of the extension 104 of theswitch-lever, thereby lockingit in its-circuit-closing position. Afterthe latch 107 has been swung to lock the switch-lever, as described,which takes place instantly that the contacts 80, 77 are brought intoengagement, the operator permits t e handle 65 to swing to theintermediate position indicated in Fig. 1 to move the arms 64., 63 tothe positions indicated in Fig. 2 and permit the contact 80 to releasethe contact 77. The closing of the switchlever 95 causes the motor 13 tooperate. As the back-pressure of the pumped liquid increases against thepump, the resistance of the motor increases, thereby necessitating aproportionate increase or building-up of the current through thefeed-wires. This building-up of the current through the wire 89proportionately strengthens the solenoid 106, and when the strengththereof has increased sufficiently tooverpower that of the solenoid 105,

the latch 107 is swung by the solenoid 106 to disengage the switch-leverextension 10 1, thereby permitting the switch to open and break thecontact through the wires 87 87 and 88, 88*, thus stopping the motor.The maximum predetermined pressure of the pumped liquid, andconsequently the maximum predetermined pressure of the working-member,in each operation, is indirectly dependent upon the relative strength ofthe solenoid 105, which in turn is dependent upon the relativeresistance at the rheostat controlled by the position of the lever orhandle 69. The solenoid-switch construe tions and electric circuitsshown in Figs. 7 and 8 are merely for illustration, and so far as thedetails thereof are concerned, they form no part of the presentinvention. The liquid ressure in the cylinder will remain after t e pumphas stopped, and until the operator opens the release-valve 4.6.Therefore the maximum pressure of the tool against the rivet may bemaintained during the cooling of the latter, if desired.

In the construction shown and described, the cylinder 10 is stationaryand the diiierential piston 38, 44 moves to operate the work-performingmember. It would be a matter of comparative simplicity to cause thecylinder to be the movable tool-operating member and the piston thestationary member, such a variation being common in cylinder and pistonconstructions. The apparatus may be of a stationary instead of aportable type and may be variously modified in the'matter of detailsofconstruction and combinations of parts without departing v manna fromthe spirit of our invention as set forth in the appended claims.

- What we claim as new'and desire to secure by Letters Patentis p 1. Ina tool-actuating appliance of the character described, the combinationof a cylinder and piston, forming parts movable one with relation to theother, a tool holder operatively connected with the moving part a liquidreservoir, a motor, a pump actuate by the motor to force liquid from thesupplier into the" cylinder and thus advance the moving part and tool,an impeller actuated by the motor for supplying liquid under pressurefrom the reservoir to the pump, means actuated by rise of pressure ofthe pumped liquid to a predetermined limit for stopping urther supply ofliquid to the cylinder, retracting means for said moving part, and meansfor returning the liquid from the cylinder to the reservoir.

2. In an electro-hydraulic tool-actuating appliance, the combination ofa cylinder and piston, forming parts movable one with relation to theother, a tool holder operatively connected with the moving part, aliquid reservoir, an electric motor, a ump actuated by the motor toforce liquid from the reservoir into the cylinder to advance the movingpart, a normally open motor circuit, an operating handle movable toclose said circuit to start the motor and pump, means actuated by riseof pressure of the pumped liquid to a predetermined limit for stoppingfurther supply of liquid to the cylinder, means under ready control ofthe operator for varying said limit, retracting means for said movingpart, and means under control from the operating handle for returningthe liquid from the cylinder to the reservoir.

In a machine of the character described, the combination of a cylinderand piston, forming parts movable one with relation to the other, awork-performing member operatively connected with the moving part, areduced extension on the piston working in a reduced extension in thecylinder, a liquid-supplier, and a pump for forcing liquid from thesupplier into the cylin der-extension to discharge the smallpistonextension therefrom and then force the liquid into the cylinderagainst the piston and piston-extension.

4. In a machine of the character de scribed, the combination of acylinder and piston, forming parts movable one with relation to theother, a work-performing memcylinder against the piston andpiston-extension, and means for supplying liquid to the cylinder duringmovement of the piston While the piston-extension is in thecylintier-extension.

5. In a machine of the character described, the combination of acylinder and piston, formin parts movable one with relation to the oter, a work-performing member operatively connected with the moving part,a liquid-supplier, a pump for forcing liquid from the supplier into thecylinder against the moving part, a pump-operating electric motor, amotor-circuit, relatively movable contacts in said circuit, means underthe control of the operator for closing said contacts to start themotor, catch-mechanism for locking said contacts in closed position, andregulable' means operating automatically, when the pressure of thepumped liquid in the cylinder approximates a predetermined limit, torelease said catch-mechanism and permit said contacts to open andthereby stop the motor.

MORRIS C. WHITE. OTHO G. DURYEA.

In presence 0%- J. G. ANnEnsoN, R. A. Scmnrnn.

